International research journal Global Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences (GJISS) is peer-reviewed and available online.The social sciences, including, but not limited to: Anthropology, Arts & culture, Communication studies, Criminology, Cross-cultural studies in Demography, Economics, Education, English, Ethics, Geography, History, International relations, Law, Library science, Linguistics, Literature, Media studies, Political science, provide a platform for scholars, academicians, professionals, and students to contribute interdisciplinary research.As it reaches a wide range of readers worldwide, the publication provides an international platform for academia to improve their intellectual image internationally.Uncertainty exists regarding the ability of acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that decreases proximal tubular sodium reabsorption, to increase loop diuretics' efficiency so that patients with acute decompensated heart failure with volume overload may experience more rapid decongestion.

Patients with acute decompensated heart failure, clinical signs of volume overload (such as edoema, pleural effusion, or ascites), and an N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level of more than 1000 pg per millilitre or a B-type natriuretic peptide level of more than 250 pg per millilitre were randomly assigned to receive intravenous acetazolamide (500 mg once daily) (at a dose equivalent to twice the oral maintenance dose). The left ventricular ejection fraction was used to stratify randomization (40% or >40%).The primary end point was effective decongestion, which was determined by the absence of volume overload symptoms three days following randomization and without a need for decongestive therapy escalation. A composite of mortality from any cause and rehospitalization for heart failure during the subsequent three months were included as secondary end goals. Also evaluated was safety.

519 patients in all underwent randomization.108 of 256 patients (42.2%) in the acetazolamide group and 79 of 259 (30.5%) in the placebo group experienced successful decongestion (risk ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 1.82; P0.001).76 of 256 patients (29.7%) in the acetazolamide group and 72 of 259 patients (27.8%) in the placebo group experienced death from any cause or rehospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.48).Higher cumulative urine output and natriuresis were linked to acetazolamide therapy, suggesting improved diuretic efficacy. Similar rates of adverse events, hypokalemia, deteriorating renal function, and hypotension were observed in the two groups.

A higher success rate of decongestion was seen when acetazolamide was added to loop diuretic therapy in individuals with acute decompensated heart failure.